Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are heterocyclic secondary metabolites with a typical
pyrrolizidine motif predominantly produced by plants as defense chemicals against …

Commonly consumed foods and beverages can contain chemicals with reported
carcinogenic activity in rodent models. Moreover, exposures to some of these substances …

Covering: 2013 up to the end of 2015 This review covers the isolation and structure of new
pyrrolizidines; pyrrolizidine biosynthesis; biological activity, including the occurrence of …

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and PA N-oxides are common phytotoxins produced by over
6000 plant species. Humans are frequently exposed to PAs via ingestion of PA-containing …

Metabolic oxidation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) from herbal and dietary supplements by
cytochrome P450 produces dehydro‐PAs (DHPs), which leads to toxicities. A highly reactive …

Naturally occurring pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are isolated from plants and other sources.
The interest of the scientific community in these compounds owes itself to their high toxicity …

Pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) forming plants are found worldwide and may contaminate food
products at levels being of concern for human health. Due to the high biodiversity of PA …

Contamination of food, feed and herbal medicines with plants containing pyrrolizidine
alkaloids (PA) leads to measurable amounts of PA in many products. Since a number of PA …

Lasiocarpine and riddelliine are pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) known to cause liver toxicity.
The aim of this study was to predict the inter-species and inter-ethnic human differences in …

Organs-on-chips, also known as “tissue chips” or microphysiological systems (MPS), are
bioengineered microsystems capable of recreating aspects of human organ physiology and …