Abstract The Black Summer fire season of 2019–2020 in southeastern Australia contributed
to an intense 'super outbreak'of fire-induced and smoke-infused thunderstorms, known as …

High-intensity wildland fires can produce extreme flaming and smoke emissions that
develop into a fire-cloud chimney, reaching into the upper troposphere or lower …

Abstract The underwater Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha-apai volcano erupted in the early hours of
15th January 2022, and injected volcanic gases and aerosols to over 50 km altitude. Here …

The eruption of the submarine Hunga volcano in January 2022 was associated with a
powerful blast that injected volcanic material to altitudes up to 58 km. From a combination of …

Abstract On 15 January 2022, the submarine Hunga Tonga volcanic eruption lofted
materials high into the upper stratosphere, reaching a record‐breaking altitude of∼ 58 km …

Global lockdown measures to prevent the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-
19) led to air pollutant emission reductions. While the COVID-19 lockdown impacts on both …

A previous model intercomparison of the Tambora aerosol cloud has highlighted substantial
differences among simulated volcanic aerosol properties in the pre-industrial stratosphere …

Abstract The 15 January 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai, and the preceding
eruptions on 19 December 2021 and 13 January 2022, were remarkable, partly because the …

Abstract During the 1-year MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of
Arctic Climate) expedition, the German icebreaker Polarstern drifted through Arctic Ocean …

Volcanic eruptions can cause significant disruption to society, and numerical models are
crucial for forecasting the dispersion of erupted material. Here we assess the skill and …