Mantle plumes—which are usually, but not always, chemically distinct from the mid-ocean
ridge basalt (MORB)—may be rooted in the core-mantle boundary and begin with large …

The core–mantle boundary (CMB)–the interface between the silicate mantle and liquid iron
alloy outer core–is the most important boundary inside our planet, with processes occurring …

The Hadean eon, following the global-scale melting of the mantle,–, is expected to be a
dynamic period, during which Earth experienced vastly different conditions. Geologic …

In 1794, the German physicist EFF Chladni published a small book in which he proposed
the extraterrestrial origin of meteorites. The response was skepticism and disbelief. In the …

The distribution of geochemical species in the Earth's interior is largely controlled by
fractional melting and crystallization processes that are intimately linked to the thermal state …

Meteorites exposed to high pressures and temperatures during impact-induced shock often
contain minerals whose occurrence and stability normally confine them to the deeper …

New high-precision samarium-neodymium isotopic data for chondritic meteorites show that
their 142Nd/144Nd ratio is 20 parts per million lower than that of most terrestrial rocks. This …

Abstract The short-lived 182 Hf-182 W isotope system (t 1/2= 9 Ma) left evidence in both
ancient and modern terrestrial rock record of processes that took place during the earliest …

Interrogating physical processes that occur within the lowermost mantle is a key to
understanding Earth's evolution and present-day inner composition. Among such processes …

The melting temperature of Earth's mantle provides key constraints on the thermal structures
of both the mantle and the core. Through high-pressure experiments and three-dimensional …