Observations show that warming of the climate is unequivocal. The global warming
observed over the past 50 years is due primarily to human-induced emissions of heat …

This article discusses the possible response of the large‐scale atmospheric structure to a
warmer climate. Using integrations from the fifth phase of the Coupled Model …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

Anthropogenic aerosols exert a cooling influence that offsets part of the greenhouse gas
warming. Due to their short tropospheric lifetime of only several days, the aerosol forcing …

Climate models have continued to be developed and improved since the AR4, and many
models have been extended into Earth System models by including the representation of …

The rapid retreat and thinning of the Arctic sea ice cover over the past several decades is
one of the most striking manifestations of global climate change. Previous research revealed …

Much study has been devoted to the possible causes of an apparent decrease in the upward
trend of global surface temperatures since 1998, a phenomenon that has been dubbed the …

We have observed that the dry-season length (DSL) has increased over southern Amazonia
since 1979, primarily owing to a delay of its ending dates (dry-season end, DSE), and is …

Simple climate models can be valuable if they are able to replicate aspects of complex fully
coupled earth system models. Larger ensembles can be produced, enabling a probabilistic …

The fear responses to environmental threats play a fundamental role in survival. Little is
known about the neural circuits specifically processing threat-relevant sensory information in …