Physical inactivity has been recognized, by the World Health Organization as the fourth
cause of death (5.5% worldwide). On the contrary, physical activity (PA) has been …

Physical exercise is recommended to improve bone mass in growing children and decrease
bone loss in elderly men and women. However, the specific mechanisms by which exercise …

The syndrome of adult GH deficiency and the effects of GH replacement therapy provide a
useful model with which to study the effects of the GH/IGF-I axis on exercise physiology …

The effects of regular non–weight-bearing (NWB) exercise on bone health are largely
unknown. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of participation in NWB …

Recent advances have indicated that osteocalcin, and in particular its undercarboxylated
form (ucOC), is not only a nutritional biomarker reflective of vitamin K status and an indicator …

Determinations of serum concentrations of total insulin-like growth factor I (tIGF-I) are
important in the diagnosis, monitoring of treatment and safety evaluation of patients with …

Growth hormone (GH) and cortisol are important to ensure energy supplies during fasting
and stress. In vitro experiments have raised the question whether GH and cortisol mutually …

Regular exercise induces a variety of adaptive responses that enhance the oxidative and
metabolic capacity of human skeletal muscle. Although the physiological adjustments of …

Background: Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) is abused in sports, but
adequate routine doping tests are lacking. Analysis of serum hGH isoform composition has …

Background Circulating biomarkers are often used to investigate the bone response to an
acute bout of exercise, but heterogeneity in factors such as study design, quality, selected …