Microglia activation is observed in various neurodegenerative diseases. Recent advances in
single-cell technologies have revealed that these reactive microglia were with high spatial …

Inflammation occurs as a result of exposure of tissues and organs to harmful stimuli such as
microbial pathogens, irritants, or toxic cellular components. The primary physical …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder which
affects 6.1 million people worldwide. The neuropathological hallmarks include the loss of …

Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common age-associated
neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons and …

Parkinson's disease is characterised by a slow and progressive degeneration of
dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Despite intensive research, the cause of the …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, after
Alzheimer's disease. The potential causes of PD remain uncertain, but recent studies …

Over the last decade the important concept has emerged that microglia, similar to other
tissue macrophages, assume different phenotypes and serve several effector functions …

Immune changes occur in all neurodegenerative conditions, but there are significant
differences between diseases. For Parkinson's disease (PD), the immune system …

Background: Glia are traditionally known as support cells for neurons, and their role in
neurodegeneration has been largely considered secondary to neuronal dysfunction. We …

Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD), like many common age-related conditions, has been
recognized to have a substantial genetic component. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that …