The heme oxygenase (HO) enzyme system catabolizes heme to carbon monoxide (CO),
ferrous iron, and biliverdin-IXα (BV), which is reduced to bilirubin-IXα (BR) by biliverdin …

Heme oxygenase catalyzes the rate-limiting step in heme degradation in order to generate
biliverdin, carbon monoxide (CO), and iron. The inducible form of the enzyme, heme …

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible intracellular enzyme that is expressed in
response to a variety of stimuli to degrade heme, which generates the biologically active …

The metalloid arsenic is a natural environmental contaminant to which humans are routinely
exposed in food, water, air, and soil. Arsenic has a long history of use as a homicidal agent …

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has demonstrated new possibilities for selective and logical
cancer intervention by specific manipulation of dysregulated tumorous free radical …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their products are components of cell signaling
pathways and play important roles in cellular physiology and pathophysiology. Under …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS, eg nitric oxide, NO) are
well recognised for playing a dual role as both deleterious and beneficial species. ROS and …

At high concentrations, free radicals and radical-derived, nonradical reactive species are
hazardous for living organisms and damage all major cellular constituents. At moderate …

The heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) enzyme system remains an attractive therapeutic target for
the treatment of inflammatory conditions. HO-1, a cellular stress protein, serves a vital …

Cellular protection against the deleterious effects of reactive oxidants generated in aerobic
metabolism, called oxidative stress, is organized at multiple levels. Defense strategies …