Background Thyroid dysfunction has been observed in patients with COVID-19, and
endocrinologists are requested to understand this clinical issue. Pandemic-related …

The hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid feedback control is a dynamic, adaptive system. In
situations of illness and deprivation of energy representing type 1 allostasis, the stress …

The liver, the largest solid visceral organ of the body, has numerous endocrine functions,
such as direct hormone and hepatokine production, hormone metabolism, synthesis of …

Objective Precise risk stratification and triage of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
patients are essential in the setting of an overwhelming pandemic burden. Clinical …

Post-acute COVID-19 vaccination syndrome (PACVS) is a chronic disease triggered by
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (estimated prevalence 0.02%). PACVS is discriminated from the …

Levothyroxine (L-T4) treatment of overt hypothyroidism can be more challenging in elderly
compared to young patients. The elderly population is growing, and increasing incidence …

This chapter reviews how improvements in sensitivity and specificity of thyroid function tests
[total and free thyroid hormones, TSH, thyroid autoantibodies (TRAb, TPOAb and TgAb) and …

Purpose COVID-19 disease may result in a severe multisystem inflammatory syndrome in
children (MIS-C), which in turn may alter thyroid function (TF). We assessed TF in MIS-C …

Background. Orthotopic cardiac xenotransplantation has seen substantial advancement in
the last years and the initiation of a clinical pilot study is close. However, donor organ …

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a heterogeneous disease with unknown cause (s). CFS
symptoms resemble a hypothyroid state, possibly secondary to chronic (low …