Production of metals stands for 40% of all industrial greenhouse gas emissions, 10% of the
global energy consumption, 3.2 billion tonnes of minerals mined, and several billion tonnes …

Electronic waste (e-waste) is one of the relatively fast-growing solid waste streams, with an
annual growth rate of 3%–5%. Although international policies have been formulated to …

The discharge of untreated tannery wastewater containing biotoxic substances of heavy
metals in the ecosystem is one of the most important environmental and health challenges in …

Acid mine drainage (AMD) causes serious environmental pollution owing to its high acidity,
toxic metal content, and sulfate content. This review describes the mechanism of formation …

This review provides an update to the last mini-review with the same title pertaining to recent
developments in bioleaching and biooxidation published in 2013 (Brierley and Brierley). In …

Limits in resource availability are driving a change in current societal production systems,
changing the focus from residues treatment, such as wastewater treatment, toward resource …

Critical raw materials (CRMs) are essential in the development of novel high-tech
applications. They are essential in sustainable materials and green technologies, including …

Rapid industrialization has led to the pollution of soil and water by various types of
contaminants. Heavy metals (HMs) are considered the most reactive toxic contaminants …

10Selenium is an essential trace element needed for all living organisms. Despite its
essentiality, selenium is a potential toxic element to natural ecosystems due to its …

Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) contains economically significant levels
of precious, critical metals and rare earth elements, apart from base metals and other toxic …