This manuscript gives an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of the effects of energetic
particle precipitation (EPP) onto the whole atmosphere, from the lower thermosphere …

Abstract The EISCAT (European Incoherent SCATer) Scientific Association has provided
versatile incoherent scatter (IS) radar facilities on the mainland of northern Scandinavia (the …

This article reviews our knowledge of long-term changes and trends in the upper
atmosphere and ionosphere. These changes are part of complex and comprehensive …

Anthropogenic increases of greenhouse gases warm the troposphere but have a cooling
effect in the middle and upper atmosphere. The steady increase of CO2 is the dominant …

We have updated long‐term trends in mesopause temperature, airglow emission intensities,
and noctilucent clouds (NLCs) based on ground‐based observations conducted in the …

Cosmic dust particles are small solid objects observed in the solar planetary system and in
many astronomical objects like the surrounding of stars, the interstellar and even the …

Previous analysis of polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) observed by Solar Backscatter
Ultraviolet (SBUV) instruments found that long‐term variations in PMC brightness and …

Noctilucent clouds (NLC) have been measured by the Rayleigh/Mie/Raman-lidar at the
ALOMAR research facility in Northern Norway (69° N, 16° E). From 1997 to 2010 NLC were …

The global pattern of long-term trends and changes in the upper atmosphere and
ionosphere has been presented by Laštovička et al.[2006a. Global change in the upper …

Earlier studies have indicated that there is a secular increase in the occurrence frequency of
polar mesospheric clouds (PMC), along with an anti‐correlation with the solar activity. The …