▪ Abstract The energy landscape theory of protein folding is a statistical description of a
protein's potential surface. It assumes that folding occurs through organizing an ensemble of …

From Levinthalto pathways to funnels Page 1 TS 9 1997 Nature Publishing Group http://www.nature.com/nsmb
perspective From Levinthalto pathways to funnels Ken A. Dill and Hue Sun Chan A new …

Theoretical studies have suggested relationships between the size, stability and topology of
a protein fold and the rate and mechanisms by which it is achieved. The recent …

The mechanism of ligand binding coupled to conformational changes in macromolecules
has recently attracted considerable interest. The 2 limiting cases are the “induced fit” …

Preparation of biological macromolecules in the pure state requires that cells be disrupted,
releasing and mixing the contents. Only the most stable and highly structured molecules can …

Experiment and theory are converging on the importance of nucleation mechanisms in
protein folding. These mechanisms do not use classic nuclei, which are well formed …

This paper surveys the emerging role of statistical mechanics and polymer theory in protein
folding. In the polymer perspective, the folding code is more a solvation code than a code of …

Small, single-module proteins that fold in a single cooperative step may be paradigms for
understanding early events in protein-folding pathways generally. Recent experimental …

▪ Abstract This review describes how kinetic experiments using techniques with dramatically
improved time resolution have contributed to understanding mechanisms in protein folding …

Combining experimental and simulation data to describe all of the structures and the
pathways involved in folding a protein is problematical. Transition states can be mapped …