In vivo near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging is an emerging biomedical imaging
modality for use in both fundamental scientific research and clinical practice. Owing to …

Theranostics is a concept of integrating imaging and therapy into a single platform for use in
the next generation of personalized medicine to meet the challenges in modern health …

Abstract Lanthanides (Ln 3+) are a unique class of optical materials and are extensively
used as building blocks for optoelectronic device architectures due to their outstanding …

Rare-earth upconversion nanophosphors (UCNPs), when excited by continuous-wave near-
infrared light, exhibit a unique narrow photoluminescence with higher energy. Such special …

Photon-upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) can be excited by near-infrared light and emit
visible light (anti-Stokes emission) which prevents autofluorescence and light scattering of …

Upconversion (UC) refers to nonlinear optical processes in which the sequential absorption
of two or more photons leads to the emission of light at shorter wavelength than the …

Pure dark red emission (650-670 nm) of NaYF (4): Yb/Er upconversion nanoparticles
(UCNPs) is achieved by manganese ions (Mn (2+)) doping. In addition, the Mn (2+)-doping …

Upconversion refers to non-linear optical processes that convert two or more low-energy
pump photons to a higher-energy output photon. After being recognized in the mid-1960s …

Through the process of photon upconversion, trivalent lanthanide doped nanocrystals
convert long-wavelength excitation radiation in the infrared or near infrared region to higher …

Lanthanide-doped upconversion (UC) nanoparticles have shown considerable promise in
biological labeling, imaging, and therapeutics.[1] However, although current synthetic …