China has undergone significant deviations from the command economy established in
1949, achieving unprecedented success in sustaining high growth. Consequently …

Along with the development of productivity and efficiency analysis techniques, extensive
research on the performance of hospitals has been conducted in the last few decades. In …

Undesirable output of industrial economic activities—carbon dioxide (CO2) and other
pollutants—has been become global concern because of their harmful effects on the …

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a mathematical approach for evaluating the efficiency
of decision-making units that convert multiple inputs into multiple outputs. Traditional DEA …

In this paper, we introduce the notion of multicriteria-based directional distance
determination for estimating the efficiency of decision units under different (and sometimes …

The rapid growth of China's economy since the reform in 1978 should be largely attributed to
urbanization. Nonetheless, in terms of farmland productivity, urbanization may lead to …

In this study, we analyze the unified healthcare efficiency in China at the regional level from
2009 to 2019. To accurately evaluate the evolution of unified efficiency from both static and …

Hospital efficiency and equity in health care delivery are two enduring research topics. Yet
little research has been done to examine the relationship between them. This paper studies …

Evaluating the efficiency of healthcare services accurately can help in analyzing the
rationality of inputs and outputs in such services. Considering the consistency and equity of …

The use of the directional distance function (DDF) in empirical studies has steadily
increased over the past decade due to its general representation of a production technology …