The freeze–thaw durability of concrete is an important factor for determining the service life
of concrete in cold regions. This overview expounds three stages of freeze–thaw damage in …

With the rapid growth of infrastructure development, the demand for construction materials
has also increased. Cement is one of the materials used widely around the world. Using …

To effectively stabilize coarse sand, bentonite was introduced in microbially induced
carbonate precipitation (MICP) grouting. Varying concentrations (0, 20, 40, and 80 g/L) of …

Production of concrete is consuming significant amounts of raw materials, high level of
energy, and is heavily dependent on fossil fuels. This induces significant harmful impact on …

Due to strict environmental regulations, the construction sector has observed extensive use
of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in recent years. As a result, new alternative …

Ordinary Portland cement is the highest produced cement type in the world, however its
production is high energy consumption means expensive, huge natural resource …

This paper investigated the characteristics of synthesized calcium silicate hydrate (CSH)
during the carbonation process and the effects of CSH and carbonated CSH (CCSH) seeds …

Limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) has gained attention in the research paradigm, and
useful data is available in scattered form, necessitates comprehensive review to provide …

Naturally occurring limestone currently used for concrete production mainly consists of
calcite, and the other two metastable forms of anhydrous calcium carbonate include …

Achieving net-zero emissions requires rapid decarbonization and improved strategies
implemented at the global level. In response to increasing demand for better structures and …