It is widely known that blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast in functional
magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an indirect measure for neuronal activations through …

It is commonly believed that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) movement is facilitated by blood
vessel wall movements (ie, hemodynamic oscillations) in the brain. A coherent pattern of low …

Previous studies have found that aperiodic, systemic low-frequency oscillations (sLFOs) are
present in blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) data. These signals are in the same low …

Background The systemic low‐frequency oscillation (sLFO) functional (f) MRI signals
extracted from the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) are …

Blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signals are widely used in functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) as a proxy measure of brain activation. However, because these …

Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) plays an important role in the clearance of metabolic waste
products from the brain, yet the driving forces of CSF flow are not fully understood. It is …

Cerebrovascular diseases, such as stroke, constitute the most common life-threatening
neurological disease in the United States. To support normal brain function, maintaining …

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a popular brain imaging modality with a
wide range of use in clinical research. A major problem with fMRI signals is the presence of …