Effective clearance of an infection requires that the immune system rapidly detects and neutralizes invading parasites while strictly avoiding self-antigens that would result in …
Protospacer adjacent motifs (PAMs) were originally characterized for CRISPR-Cas systems that were classified on the basis of their CRISPR repeat sequences. A few short 2–5 bp …
RB Vercoe, JT Chang, RL Dy, C Taylor… - PLoS …, 2013 - journals.plos.org
In prokaryotes, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) and their associated (Cas) proteins constitute a defence system against bacteriophages and …
JR Elmore, NF Sheppard, N Ramia… - Genes & …, 2016 - genesdev.cshlp.org
CRISPR–Cas systems eliminate nucleic acid invaders in bacteria and archaea. The effector complex of the Type III-B Cmr system cleaves invader RNAs recognized by the CRISPR …
Canonical CRISPR-Cas systems utilize RNA-guided nucleases for targeted cleavage of foreign nucleic acids, whereas some nuclease-deficient CRISPR-Cas complexes have been …
Discriminating self and non-self is a universal requirement of immune systems. Adaptive immune systems in prokaryotes are centered around repetitive loci called CRISPRs …
Prokaryotes adapt to challenges from mobile genetic elements by integrating spacers derived from foreign DNA in the CRISPR array. Spacer insertion is carried out by the Cas1 …