Immune-checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1 or PD-L1 have already substantially improved
the outcomes of patients with many types of cancer, although only 20–40% of patients derive …

Tumors are not only aggregates of malignant cells but also well-organized complex
ecosystems. The immunological components within tumors, termed the tumor immune …

The treatment landscape of driver-negative non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is rapidly
evolving. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors, specifically those targeting PD-1 or PD-L1, have …

Lung cancer is a major global health problem, as it is the leading cause of cancer-related
deaths worldwide. Major advances in the identification of key mutational alterations have led …

The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors has changed the treatment paradigm for
advanced cancers across many tumor types. Despite encouraging and sometimes durable …

ABSTRACT Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a cell surface receptor that functions as a T cell
checkpoint and plays a central role in regulating T cell exhaustion. Binding of PD-1 to its …

A patient's response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is a complex quantitative trait,
and determined by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Three currently FDA-approved …

The emergence of immunotherapy has dramatically changed how non–small cell lung
cancer is treated, and longer survival is now possible for some patients, even those with …

Assessment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in histopathologic specimens can
provide important prognostic information in diverse solid tumor types, and may also be of …

The recent development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has led to promising
advances in the treatment of patients with NSCLC and SCLC with advanced or metastatic …