This chapter outlines the anatomy and physiology of the auditory pathways. After a brief
analysis of the external, middle ears, and cochlea, the responses of auditory nerve fibers are …

This is a review of the anatomical characteristics of human cochlea and the importance of
variations in this anatomy to the process of cochlear implantation (CI). Studies of the human …

Background: A comprehension of the anatomic variations of the human cochlea is essential
for understanding the degree of surgical trauma induced by inserting various electrode …

Background: The human cochlea was earlier believed to lack capacity to mount specific
immune responses. Recent studies established that the human cochlea holds …

The isolated anatomical position and blood-labyrinth barrier hampers systemic drug delivery
to the mammalian inner ear. Intratympanic placement of drugs and permeation via the round …

Recent studies indicate that the gap over outer hair cells (OHCs) between the reticular
lamina (RL) and the tectorial membrane (TM) varies cyclically during low-frequency sounds …

Background The standard electrode array for the MED-EL MAESTRO cochlear implant
system is 31 mm in length which allows an insertion angle of approximately 720°. When fully …

Background: Detailed studies of cochlear morphology can guide our approach to
cochleostomy and electrode insertion to optimize neuronal and hair cell preservation and …

This study was based on high-resolution SEM assessment of freshly fixed, normal-hearing,
human inner ear tissue. In addition, semiquantitative observations were made in long-term …

Background: The cochlea produces an electric field potential essential for hair cell
transduction and hearing. This biological “battery” is situated in the lateral wall of the …