The gut-brain axis plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis. Many intrinsic and
extrinsic factors influence signaling along this axis, modulating the function of both the …

Chronic pain is maintained in part by central sensitization, a phenomenon of synaptic
plasticity and increased neuronal responsiveness in central pain pathways after painful …

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is not only important in executive functions, but also pain
processing. The latter is dependent on its connections to other areas of the cerebral …

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a crippling psychiatric disorder characterized by intense
fear or anxiety in social situations and their avoidance. However, the underlying biology of …

It has become increasingly clear that the gut microbiota influences not only gastrointestinal
physiology but also central nervous system (CNS) function by modulating signalling …

There is a growing emphasis on the relationship between the complexity and diversity of the
microorganisms that inhabit our gut (human gastrointestinal microbiota) and health/disease …

Clinical studies examining the potential of anti-inflammatory agents, specifically of
minocycline, as a treatment for depression has shown promising results. However …

Visceral pain is a global term used to describe pain originating from the internal organs of
the body, which affects a significant proportion of the population and is a common feature of …

Increasing evidence suggests that a brain–gut–microbiome axis exists, which has the
potential to play a major role in modulating behaviour. However, the role of this axis in …

Background. It is widely accepted that inflammation may contribute to cognitive impairment
in patients with vascular dementia (VD). Our prior clinical researches have reported that …