Enteroviruses are believed to trigger or accelerate islet autoimmunity in genetically
susceptible individuals, thereby resulting in loss of functional insulin-producing β-cells and …

The epidemic nature of diabetes mellitus in different regions is reviewed. The Middle East
and North Africa region has the highest prevalence of diabetes in adults (10.9%) whereas …

Abstract Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β-cells.
Several observations have renewed the interest in β-cell RNA sensors and editors. Here, we …

The clinical diagnosis of new-onset type 1 diabetes has, for many years, been considered
relatively straightforward. Recently, however, there is increasing awareness that within this …

Insights from prospective, longitudinal studies of individuals at risk for developing type 1
diabetes have demonstrated that the disease is a continuum that progresses sequentially at …

Complement C4, a key molecule in the complement system that is one of chief constituents
of innate immunity for immediate recognition and elimination of invading microbes, plays an …

Underlying type 1 diabetes is a genetic aetiology dominated by the influence of specific HLA
haplotypes involving primarily the class II DR-DQ region. In genetically predisposed children …

Clinical type 1 diabetes is preceded by an asymptomatic phase that can be identified by
serum islet autoantibodies. This perspective proposes that there is now sufficient evidence …

It is increasingly appreciated that the pathogenic mechanisms of type 1 diabetes involve
both the autoimmune aggressors and their beta cell targets, which engage in a conflicting …

Diagnosis of the autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes (T1D) is preceded by the appearance
of circulating autoantibodies to pancreatic islets. However, almost nothing is known about …