The plant extracellular space, referred to as the apoplast, is inhabited by a variety of
microorganisms. Reflecting the crucial nature of this compartment, both plants and …

Pseudomonas syringae are Gram-negative, plant pathogenic bacteria that use a type III
secretion system (T3SS) to disarm host immune responses and promote bacterial growth …

Oomycete pathogens deliver many effectors to enhance virulence or suppress plant
immunity. Plant immune networks are interconnected, in which a few effectors can trigger a …

Plants possess cell surface-localized immune receptors that detect microbe-associated
molecular patterns (MAMPs) and initiate defenses that provide effective resistance against …

Pathogenic bacteria frequently acquire virulence traits via horizontal gene transfer, yet
additional evolutionary innovations may be necessary to integrate newly acquired genes …

Plant-associated bacteria, including pathogens, recognise host-derived signals to activate
specific responses. The genome of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), the …

The type III secretion system (T3SS) of plant-pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae is essential
for virulence. Genes encoding the T3SS are not constitutively expressed and must be …

Cell cultures established from various plant species have been used for a range of
physiological and biochemical studies. Homogeneity of cell types and size of clusters in the …