Rho GTPases are molecular switches that control a wide variety of signal transduction
pathways in all eukaryotic cells. They are known principally for their pivotal role in regulating …

Axons are guided along specific pathways by attractive and repulsive cues in the
extracellular environment. Genetic and biochemical studies have led to the identification of …

Ageing is driven by a loss of cellular integrity. Given the major role of ubiquitin modifications
in cell function, here we assess the link between ubiquitination and ageing by quantifying …

The establishment of precise neuronal cell morphology provides the foundation for all
aspects of neurobiology. During development, axons emerge from cell bodies after an initial …

▪ Abstract The actin cytoskeleton plays a major role in morphological development of
neurons and in structural changes of adult neurons. This article reviews the myriad functions …

GTPases of the Rho family are molecular switches that play important roles in converting
and amplifying external signals into cellular effects. Originally demonstrated to control the …

The ability of cells to adhere to each other and to their surrounding extracellular matrices is
essential for a multicellular existence. Adhesion provides physical support for cells …

Mammalian Dock180 and ELMO proteins, and their homologues in Caenorhabditis elegans
and Drosophila melanogaster, function as critical upstream regulators of Rac during …

Cells are active materials; they can change shape using internal energy to build contractile
networks of actin filaments and myosin motors. Contractility of the actomyosin cortex is tightly …

In plants, defence against specific isolates of a pathogen can be triggered by the presence
of a corresponding race-specific resistance gene, whereas resistance of a more broad …