Object The current study evaluates the incidence of anatomical variations of the V 3 segment
of the vertebral artery (VA) and the posterior arch of the atlas (C-1). Failure to appreciate …

We investigated 923 cervical vertebrae belonging to late-antiquity and medieval skeletal
remains and assessed the qualitative and quantitative structural characteristics of transverse …

Purpose CT angiography (CTA) is rapidly becoming a popular tool for the evaluation of
cerebrovascular diseases. Noninvasive diagnosis of vertebral artery pathology using CTA …

The study was conducted on random sample of seventy‐one dried, typical cervical vertebrae
(C3–C6). The data on the age, sex, and built was not available. Using vernier calipers with …

Study Design. Retrospective review. Objective. To evaluate the prevalence of anatomical
variations of the vertebral artery at the craniovertebral junction and the posterior arch of the …

Background and Purpose The vertebral artery (VA) is important for the development of the
transverse foramen (TF). Most studies of these structures have focused on anatomical …

A vertebral artery (VA) coursing below the posterior arch of the atlas (C1) without passing
through the transverse foramen of C1, combined with a tortuous course within the spinal …

Background: Since scanty literature is available on the absence of costal element forming
foramen transversarium of atlas vertebra therefore this study was undertaken. Atlas …

Background: Foramina transversaria are characteristic bony features of the cervical vertebra,
they are located on the transverse process of cervical vertebrae. These foramina are of …

Introduction: The second part of the vertebral artery along with vertebral venous plexus and
sympathetic plexus traverses through vicinity of foramen transversarium of atlas …