Drug evaluation has always been an important area of research in the pharmaceutical
industry. However, animal welfare protection and other shortcomings of traditional drug …

Heart disease is a significant burden on global health care systems and is a leading cause
of death each year. To improve our understanding of heart disease, high quality disease …

Microfluidics are systems that set forth valuable means to efficiently control fluid movement
and dynamics in specially fabricated micro-channel systems. The advancement of the …

The direct (eg, radiation, microgravity) and indirect (eg, lifestyle perturbations) effects of
spaceflight extend across multiple systems resulting in whole-organism cardiovascular …

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality all
over the world. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), small lipid-bilayer membrane vesicles released …

The traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture methods have a long history of mimicking in
vivo cell growth. However, these methods cannot fully represent physiological conditions …

The core of the drug research and screening processes is predicting the effect of drugs prior
to human clinical trials. Due to the 2D cell culture and animal models' poor predictability, the …

Many strategies have been adopted to construct in vitro myocardium models, which are of
great value to both drug cardiotoxicity evaluation and cardiovascular drug development. In …

Cardiovascular diseases are caused by hereditary factors, environmental conditions, and
medication-related issues. On the other hand, the cardiotoxicity of drugs should be …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of death worldwide, leading to
increased medical care costs. To turn the scale, it is essential to acquire a more in-depth and …