Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, also called primary liver cancer) is one of the most fatal
cancers in the world. Due to the insidiousness of the onset of HCC and the lack of effective …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular signaling and communication, allowing the
intercellular exchange of proteins, lipids, and genetic material. Their recognized role in the …

Each protein must be synthesized with the correct amino acid sequence, folded into its
native structure, and transported to a relevant subcellular location and protein complex. If …

Indoleamine 2, 3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the initial rate‐limiting step in the
degradation of the essential amino acid tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway. When …

The ability of breast cancer cells to interconvert between epithelial and mesenchymal states
contributes to their metastatic potential. As opposed to cell autonomous effects, the impact of …

Exosomes are nano-vesicles present in the circulation that are involved in cell-to-cell
communication and regulation of different biological processes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are …

An exosome (30–150 nm size) is a cell-derived vesicle. Exosome-induced regulation in
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is becoming increasingly popular due to their potential …

Summary Transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) is a multifunctional enzyme that plays a key role in
mitochondria homeostasis under stressful cellular conditions. TG2 interactome analysis …

Neurodegenerative diseases are a set of progressive and currently incurable diseases that
are primarily caused by neuron degeneration. Neurodegenerative diseases often lead to …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized membrane-enclosed particles released by cells
that participate in intercellular communication through the transfer of biologic material. EVs …