Chemical defences often vary within and between populations both in quantity and quality,
which is puzzling if prey survival is dependent on the strength of the defence. We …

Host plant specialization is a major force driving ecological niche partitioning and
diversification in insect herbivores. The cyanogenic defences of Passiflora plants keep most …

Chemical defense is a widespread anti-predator strategy exhibited by organisms, with
individuals either synthesizing or extrinsically acquiring defensive chemicals. In some …

Social interactions influence disease spread, information flow and resource allocation
across species, yet heterogeneity in social interaction frequency and its fitness …

Aposematic animals advertise their toxicity or unpalatability with bright warning coloration.
However, acquiring and maintaining chemical defenses can be energetically costly, and …

The evolution of mimicry in similarly defended prey is well described by the Müllerian
mimicry theory, which predicts the convergence of warning patterns in order to gain the most …

Warning signals are honest if they reliably deliver information about prey unprofitability to
predators. One potential mechanism that may create and maintain a positive relationship …

Dietary shifts may act to ease energetic constraints and allow organisms to optimise life-
history traits. Heliconius butterflies differ from other nectar-feeders due to their unique ability …

To evolve, and remain adaptive, social behaviours must have a positive impact on overall
individual fitness. However, these adaptive benefits may not be immediately apparent due to …