Endogenous indole and its derivatives (indoles), considered as promising N-substituted
heterocyclic compounds, are tryptophan metabolites derived from intestinal microbiota and …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing global health burden. Current treatments for
CKD include therapeutics to target factors that contribute to CKD progression, including …

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder with a high mortality. About 95% of cases are
women and it has a population prevalence of about 1%, but evidence-based treatment is …

Gut microbiota in interaction with intestinal host tissues influences many brain functions and
microbial dysbiosis has been linked with brain disorders, such as neuropsychiatric …

Uremic encephalopathy encompasses a wide range of central nervous system
abnormalities associated with poor kidney function occurring with either progressive chronic …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in about half of critically ill patients and is associated with
high in-hospital mortality, increased long-term mortality postdischarge, and subsequent …

The topic of uremic toxicity has received broad attention from the nephrological community
over the past few decades. An aspect that is much less often considered is the possibility …

Recent studies have demonstrated that metabolites produced by commensal bacteria
causally influence health and disease. The sulfated metabolome is one class of molecules …

Tryptophan (TRP) contributes to individual immune homeostasis and good condition via
three complex metabolism pathways (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), kynurenine (KP), and gut …

The accumulation of uremic toxins (UTs) is a prototypical manifestation of uremic milieu that
follows renal function decline (chronic kidney disease, CKD). Frailty as a potential outcome …