Strong solar flares and coronal mass ejections, here defined not only as the bursts of
electromagnetic radiation but as the entire process in which magnetic energy is released …

The Sun is magnetically active and often produces eruptive events on different energetic
and temporal scales. Until recently, the upper limit of such events was unknown and …

Abstract The Carrington flare in 1859 September is a benchmark, as the earliest reported
solar flare and as an event with one of the greatest terrestrial impacts. To date, no rigorous …

The Carrington event is considered to be one of the most extreme space weather events in
observational history within a series of magnetic storms caused by extreme interplanetary …

The Carrington event in 1859, a solar flare with an associated geomagnetic storm, has
served as a prototype of possible superflare occurrence on the Sun. Recent geophysical …

Solar flare effects (Sfe) are rapid variations in the Earth's magnetic field and are related to
the enhancement of the amount of radiation produced during Solar flare events. They mainly …

Abstract The Carrington storm (1859 September 1/2) is one of the largest magnetic storms
ever observed, and it caused global auroral displays in low-latitude areas, together with a …

Dim red aurora at low magnetic latitudes is a visual and recognized manifestation of
magnetic storms. The great low-latitude auroral displays seen throughout East Asia on 1770 …

Abstract The Carrington storm in 1859 September has been arguably identified as the
greatest geomagnetic storm ever recorded. However, its exact magnitude and chronology …

The study of historical great geomagnetic storms is crucial for assessing the possible risks to
the technological infrastructure of a modern society, caused by extreme space–weather …