Please cite this paper as: Lamont R, Sobel J, Akins R, Hassan S, Chaiworapongsa T,
Kusanovic J, Romero R. The vaginal microbiome: new information about genital tract flora …

In the last decade, as a result of the widespread use of PCR and DNA sequencing, 16S
rDNA sequencing has played a pivotal role in the accurate identification of bacterial isolates …

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an enigmatic polymicrobial condition characterized by a
depletion of health-associated Lactobacillus and an overgrowth of anaerobes. Importantly …

Background Preterm delivery causes substantial neonatal mortality and morbidity.
Unrecognized intra-amniotic infections caused by cultivation-resistant microbes may play a …

The normal microbial flora of the vagina plays an important role in preventing genital and
urinary tract infections in women. Thus an accurate understanding of the composition and …

Microbial infection of the intrauterine environment is a major cause of preterm birth. The
current paradigm indicates that intrauterine infections predominantly originate from the …

Intra-amniotic infection and inflammation are major causes of preterm birth (PTB). However,
intra-amniotic inflammation is often detected in the absence of infection. This may partly be …

Background The pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis remains largely elusive, although
some microorganisms, including Gardnerella vaginalis, are suspected of playing a role in …

The aetiology and pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis (BV) is unclear but it appears to be
associated with factors that disrupt the normal acidity of the vagina thus altering the …

As more original molecular protocols and subsequent modifications are described in the
literature, it has become difficult for those not directly involved in the development of these …