BACKGROUND Hypospadias is a common congenital malformation of the male external
genitalia. Most cases have an unknown aetiology, which is probably a mix of monogenic …

Male and female homosexuality have substantial prevalence in humans. Pedigree and twin
studies indicate that homosexuality has substantial heritability in both sexes, yet …

Masculinization of the external genitalia in humans is dependent on formation of 5α-
dihydrotestosterone (DHT) through both the canonical androgenic pathway and an …

Little is known on environmental risk factors for cryptorchidism and hypospadias, which are
among the most frequent congenital abnormalities. The aim of our study was to identify risk …

It has been hypothesized that poor semen quality, testis cancer, undescended testis, and
hypospadias are symptoms of one underlying entity—the testicular dysgenesis syndrome …

Purpose We studied the incidence of hypospadias in Sweden during a 40-year period to
determine if changes were associated with known risk factors. Materials and Methods We …

Context: Hypospadias is one of the most frequent male congenital malformations and may
be part of the testicular dysgenesis syndrome. Objective: The aim of the study was to …

Despite being one of the most common congenital defects in boys, the etiology of
hypospadias remains largely unknown. In this case-referent study, we evaluated a wide …

This review evaluates current knowledge related to trends in the prevalence of hypospadias,
the association of hypospadias with endocrine‐disrupting exposures, and the potential …

Hypospadias is the most common congenital anomaly of the penis. The problem usually
develops sporadically and without an obvious underlying cause. The ectopically positioned …