Chitosan is a naturally originating product that can be applied in many areas due to its
biocompatibility, biodegradability, and nontoxic properties. The broad-spectrum …

Despite tremendous successes in the field of antibiotic discovery seen in the previous
century, infectious diseases have remained a leading cause of death. More specifically …

Gram-negative bacteria and their complex cell envelope, which comprises an outer
membrane and an inner membrane, are an important and attractive system for studying the …

The development of new antibiotics to treat infections caused by drug-resistant Gram-
negative pathogens is of paramount importance as antibiotic resistance continues to …

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a major problem in public health leading to an
estimated 4.95 million deaths in 2019. The selective pressure caused by the massive and …

Gram-negative bacteria depend on their cell membranes for survival and environmental
adaptation. They contain two membranes, one of which is the outer membrane (OM), which …

Small, hydrophilic molecules, including most important antibiotics in clinical use, cross the
Gram-negative outer membrane through the water-filled channels provided by porins. We …

With the dramatic consequences of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, nanomaterials and
molecular transporters have started to be investigated as alternative antibacterials or anti …

Microwaves are a highly utilized electromagnetic wave, used across a range of industries
including food processing, communications, in the development of novel medical treatments …

To win the battle against resistant, pathogenic bacteria, novel classes of anti-infectives and
targets are urgently needed. Bacterial uptake, distribution, metabolic and efflux pathways of …