Cell-derived exosomes have opened new horizons in modern therapy for advanced drug
delivery and therapeutic applications, due to their key features such as low immunogenicity …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a whole-joint disease primarily characterized by the deterioration of
hyaline cartilage. Current treatments include microfracture and chondrocyte implantation as …

Cellular therapy aims to replace damaged resident cells by restoring cellular and molecular
environments suitable for tissue repair and regeneration. Among several candidates …

Tissue engineering (TE) is currently considered a cutting‐edge discipline that offers the
potential for developing treatments for health conditions that negatively affect the quality of …

Autoimmune/inflammatory diseases affect many people and are an important cause of
global incidence and mortality. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have low immunogenicity …

Cell therapy is one of the newest therapeutic approaches for treating tissue destruction
diseases and replacing damaged parts in defective tissues. Among different cells …

Introduction Spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to severe neurological dysfunction. Despite
scientific and medical advances, clinically effective regenerative therapies including stem …

Simple Summary Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising option for developing
new treatments for spinal cord injury (SCI). They can help repair damaged tissue, making …

The incidence and disability rate of spinal cord injury (SCI) worldwide are high, imposing a
heavy burden on patients. Considerable research efforts have been directed toward …

The conventional therapeutic approaches to treat autoimmune diseases through
suppressing the immune system, such as steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory …