Traditionally, multiple sclerosis has been categorised by distinct clinical descriptors—
relapsing-remitting, secondary progressive, and primary progressive—for patient care …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immunological disease that causes acute inflammatory lesions
and chronic inflammation in the CNS, leading to tissue damage and disability. As awareness …

The factor that is most relevant and strongly associated with the clinical course of multiple
sclerosis is chronological age. Very young patients exclusively have relapsing remitting …

In addition to determining biological sex, sex hormones are known to influence health and
disease via regulation of immune cell activities and modulation of target-organ susceptibility …

A number of studies have been conducted with the onset of secondary progressive multiple
sclerosis as an inclusion criterion or an outcome of interest. However, a standardized …

Disability accrual in multiple sclerosis may occur as relapse-associated worsening or
progression independent of relapse activity. The role of progression independent of relapse …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system
(CNS) affecting young people and leading to demyelination and neurodegeneration. The …

Treatment decisions in multiple sclerosis are complex given the large number of disease-
modifying therapies with diverse safety and efficacy profiles. The importance of early …

In the past decade, changes have occurred in the spectrum of multiple sclerosis courses.
The natural history of multiple sclerosis appears milder from the first sign of demyelinating …

Prevention of irreversible disability is currently the most important goal of disease modifying
therapy for multiple sclerosis. The disability outcomes used in most clinical trials rely on …