As a main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, γ-aminobutyric acid
(GABA) activates chloride-permeable GABAa receptors (GABAa Rs) and induces chloride …

Abstract The K+-Cl− co-transporter KCC2 is a neuron-specific, Cl− extruder that uses K+
gradient for maintaining low intracellular [Cl−]. It is indeed well established that sustaining …

KCC2 is the major chloride extruder in neurons. The spatiotemporal regulation of KCC2
expression orchestrates the developmental shift towards inhibitory GABAergic drive and the …

GABAergic synaptic inhibition, which is a critical regulator of neuronal excitability, is closely
involved in epilepsy. Interestingly, fast GABAergic transmission mediated by Cl− permeable …

Although genetic factors are considered a main etiology of epilepsy, the causes of genetic
epilepsy in the majority of epilepsy patients remain unknown. Kinesin family member 1A …

Acute traumatic event exposure is a direct cause of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Amygdala is suggested to be associated with the development of PTSD. In our previous …

Kcc2 plays a critical role in determining the efficacy of synaptic inhibition, however, the
cellular mechanisms neurons use to regulate its membrane trafficking, stability and activity …

Seizure incidence, severity, and antiseizure medication (ASM) efficacy varies between
males and females. Differences in sex-dependent signaling pathways that determine …

The neuronal K+–Cl− cotransporter KCC2 maintains a low intracellular Cl− concentration
and facilitates hyperpolarizing GABA A receptor responses. KCC2 also plays a separate role …

Abstract The Na+/K+/Cl− cotransporter-1 (NKCC1) and the K+/Cl− cotransporter-2 (KCC2)
set the transmembrane Cl− gradient in the brain, and are implicated in epileptogenesis. We …