A plethora of neurological disorders shares a final common deadly pathway known as
excitotoxicity. Among these disorders, ischemic injury is a prominent cause of death and …

Cerebral ischemia (stroke) triggers a complex series of biochemical and molecular
mechanisms that impairs the neurologic functions through breakdown of cellular integrity …

Ischemic stroke is the second cause of mortality and the first cause of long-term disability
constituting a serious socioeconomic burden worldwide. Approved treatments include …

TWEAK is a multifunctional cytokine that controls many cellular activities including
proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and inflammation. TWEAK …

Practically any stimulus capable of causing injury to a tissue or organ can, when applied
close to (but below) the threshold of damage, activate endogenous protective mechanisms …

The current pathophysiological understanding of stroke is substantially based on
experimental studies. Brain injury after cerebral ischemia develops from a complex signaling …

Despite intense efforts at the bench and at the bedside, few therapeutic strategies exist to
combat the consequences of cerebral ischemia. Traditionally, a “neurocentric” view has …

Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cell type in the brain, provide metabolic and trophic
support to neurons and modulate synaptic activity. In response to a brain injury, astrocytes …

Following focal cerebral ischemia (“stroke”) a complex and dynamic interaction of vascular
cells, glial cells, and neurons determines the extent of the ensuing lesion. Traditionally, the …

A significant up-regulation of Toll-like-receptor (TLR) mRNAs between 3 and 48h
reperfusion time after induction of transient focal cerebral ischemia for 1h was revealed by …