High-resolution X-ray Computed Tomography (HRXCT) or micro-CT (μCT) is a frequently
used non-destructive 3D imaging and analysis technique for the investigation of internal …

Fluid flow and mass transport in geological materials are crucial in diverse Earth science
applications. To fully understand the behavior of geological materials in this context, the …

In recent times, nanomaterials have been applied in the construction and maintenance of
the worldÅLs cultural heritage with the aim of improving the consolidation and protection …

Due to the complexity of sedimentary rocks, especially the fine-grained and highly-
heterogeneous nature of some argillaceous caprocks in the subsurface, it is challenging to …

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been widely used in materials science and chemistry
research since it was invented in the 1980s. It is a relatively new tool for geosciences and is …

This work presents a review of the findings of calcium oxalate films, a widespread decay
phenomenon recovered on stone and other substrates (mortars, wall and easel paintings …

Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology has shown rapid development
in recent years as an important technology to reduce carbon emissions, of which CO2 …

Both conservation and intervention methods must be compatible with each other and
appropriate for the original building materials. Therefore, the characterization of historic …

In humid atmospheres, copper and bronze passivate, with the formation of an oxidized layer
(patina). Patinas may also be created by chemical patination procedures, which are …

Microorganisms naturally colonize rock-based materials in outdoor environments, thereby
contributing to their degradation. Fungi, especially in tropical environments with abundant …