Plants have been interacting with insects for several hundred million years, leading to
complex defense approaches against various insect feeding strategies. Some defenses are …

Plants respond to herbivore attack by launching 2 types of defenses: direct defense and
indirect defense. Direct defense includes all plant traits that increase the resistance of host …

Individual biotic and abiotic stresses, such as high temperature, high light and herbivore
attack, are well known to increase the emission of volatile organic compounds from plants …

Plants respond to herbivore attack by emitting complex mixtures of volatile compounds that
attract herbivore enemies, both predators and parasitoids. Here, we explore whether these …

As the largest class of natural products, terpenes have a variety of roles in mediating
antagonistic and beneficial interactions among organisms. They defend many species of …

Plants can respond to insect egg deposition and thus resist attack by herbivorous insects
from the beginning of the attack, egg deposition. We review ecological effects of plant …

Insects select their hosts, but trees cannot select which herbivores will feed upon them.
Thus, as long‐lived stationary organisms, conifers must resist the onslaught of varying and …

Abstract Plants emission of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) is involved in a wide class
of ecological functions, as VOCs play a crucial role in plants interactions with biotic and …

As primary producers, plants are under constant pressure to defend themselves against
potentially deadly pathogens and herbivores. In this review, we describe short-and long …

Plants can respond to feeding or egg deposition by herbivorous arthropods by changing the
volatile blend that they emit. These herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) can attract …