The medial frontal cortex and adjacent orbitofrontal cortex have been the focus of
investigations of decision-making, behavioral flexibility, and social behavior. We review …

The'cognitive map'hypothesis proposes that brain builds a unified representation of the
spatial environment to support memory and guide future action. Forty years of …

Goals play a central role in human cognition. However, computational theories of learning
and decision-making often take goals as given. Here, we review key empirical findings …

A cognitive map has long been the dominant metaphor for hippocampal function, embracing
the idea that place cells encode a geometric representation of space. However, evidence for …

There is and has been a fruitful flow of concepts and ideas between studies of learning in
biological and artificial systems. Much early work that led to the development of …

The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) has a near-ubiquitous presence in the
neuroscience of cognitive control. It has been implicated in a diversity of functions, from …

In this review, we summarize findings supporting the existence of multiple behavioral
strategies for controlling reward-related behavior, including a dichotomy between the goal …

Dual-system approaches to psychology explain the fundamental properties of human
judgment, decision making, and behavior across diverse domains. Yet, the appropriate …

We review the current state of knowledge on the computational and neural mechanisms of
reinforcement-learning with a particular focus on fronto-striatal circuits. We divide the …

This paper introduces an active inference formulation of planning and navigation. It
illustrates how the exploitation–exploration dilemma is dissolved by acting to minimise …