Tripartite efflux pumps and the related type 1 secretion systems (T1SSs) in Gram-negative
organisms are diverse in function, energization, and structural organization. They form …

Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the udder tissue parenchyma that causes pathological
changes in the glandular tissue and abnormalities in milk leading to significant economic …

Bacteria from the same species can differ widely in their gene content. In Escherichia coli,
the set of genes shared by all strains, known as the core genome, represents about half the …

Escherichia coli is one of the leading causes of bovine mastitis; it can cause sub-clinical,
and clinical mastitis characterized by systemic changes, abnormal appearance of milk, and …

Microbial community structure and function rely on complex interactions whose underlying
molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. To investigate these interactions in a simple …

Bovine mastitis, primarily caused by microbial infections of cow mammary glands leading to
inflammation, is the costliest disease in the dairy industry. The severity and the …

Escherichia coli is a major causative agent of environmental bovine mastitis and this
disease causes significant economic losses for the dairy industry. There is still debate in the …

Background Escherichia coli is an important aetiological agent of bovine mastitis worldwide.
Methods In this study, 82 E. coli from bovine mastitis milk samples from 49 farms were …

Mastitis, inflammation of the mammary gland, is a common disease of dairy animals. The
disease is caused by bacterial infection ascending through the teat canal and mammary …

Bovine mastitis remains the main cause of economic losses for dairy farmers. Mammary
pathogenic Escherichia coli (MPEC) is related to an acute mastitis and its treatment is still …