Just as geomorphology evolved from a predominantly descriptive science to largely
quantitative, a new framework for geomorphology is again required as rapidly increasing …

The along‐strike variations of the velocity, thickness, and dip of subducting slabs and the
volcano distribution have been observed globally. It is, however, unclear what controls the …

Fractures in Earth's critical zone influence groundwater flow and storage and promote
chemical weathering. Fractured materials are difficult to characterize on large spatial scales …

For decades, seismic imaging methods have been used to study the critical zone, Earth's
thin, life‐supporting skin. The vast majority of critical zone seismic studies use traveltime …

Imaging the critical zone at depth, where intact bedrock transforms into regolith, is critical in
understanding the interaction between geological and biological processes. We acquired a …

The critical zone sustains terrestrial life, but we have few tools to explore it efficiently beyond
the first few meters of the subsurface. Using analyses of high‐frequency ambient seismic …

Since the 2000s, local seismic hazard studies have shown that Mayotte Island presented
superficial geological formations prone to lithological site effects. The seismic sequence …

Core Ideas Unsaturated saprolite, saturated saprolite, and fractured rock have unique NMR
responses. Surface NMR signals will be dominated by water in saturated saprolite. The …

Multistage plate subduction plays a crucial role in magmatism; however, the mechanisms by
which deep geodynamic processes govern volcanism in the Alaska subduction zone remain …

To investigate how bedrock transforms to soil, we mapped the topography of the interface
demarcating onset of weathering under an east‐west trending shale watershed in the Valley …