Despite extensive study of poisonous and venomous organisms and the toxins they
produce, a review of the literature reveals inconsistency and ambiguity in the definitions of …

Abstract Loxosceles spp.(Araneae, Sicariidae), known as brown spiders, are distributed in
temperate and tropical regions worldwide. Accidents caused by these spiders are known as …

Anti-predator strategies are significant components of adaptation in prey species.
Aposematic prey are expected to possess effective defences that have evolved …

Food consumption in animals is a complex task with multiple steps. Choosing an adequate
foraging site is the very first one, and involves not only the presence of prey and predators …

Following the results of a maximum parsimony cladistic analysis of 30 terminal taxa against
117 morphologic characters (2978 scorings), the new genus Krateromaspis gen. nov. is …

Harvester species exhibit a diverse array of defenses against predators. In this article, we
briefly cover chemical defenses, coloration patterns, autotomy, aggregations, freezing …

Asking how prey respond to different species of predators helps understanding the
repertoire of defenses prey exhibit. This approach may also add to the knowledge on the …

Most empirical and theoretical papers on prey–predator interactions are for animals with
long-range detection, animals that can detect and react to predators long before these touch …

Sexual differences in morphology can evolve by sexual selection and/or natural selection. In
some species, only males have morphological structures that are used as weapons. Since …

Generalist predators have to deal with prey with sometimes very different morphologies and
defensive behaviors. Therefore, such predators are expected to express plasticity in their …