Accumulating evidence indicates that exercise can enhance brain function and attenuate
neurodegeneration. Besides improving neuroplasticity by altering the synaptic structure and …

Inflammation clearly occurs in pathologically vulnerable regions of the Alzheimer's disease
(AD) brain, and it does so with the full complexity of local peripheral inflammatory responses …

Abstract Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine originally identified almost 30 years ago as a B-cell
differentiation factor, capable of inducing the maturation of B cells into antibody-producing …

The immediate or innate immune response is the first line of defense against diverse
microbial pathogens and requires the expression of recently discovered toll-like receptors …

Almost a quarter of a century ago, interleukin-6 (IL-6) was discovered as an inflammatory
cytokine involved in B cell differentiation. Today, IL-6 is recognized to be a highly versatile …

Abstract Intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1, CD54) is an inducible cell adhesion
glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin supergene family expressed on the surface of a wide …

Acute inflammation is accompanied by changes in the concentrations of acute phase
proteins (APPs), While much is known about the cytokines involved in the initiation of …

Accumulating evidence suggests that there is a rich cross-talk between the neuroimmune
system and neuroplasticity mechanisms under both physiological conditions and …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is thought to be an autoimmune disease. In healthy individuals, the T
cells of the immune system, when activated by an infectious agent, regularly traffic across an …

The effects of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, on brain injury following permanent focal
ischemia were determined. Rats subjected to occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery …