X-ray and ultraviolet (UV) observations of the outer solar atmosphere have been used for
many decades to measure the fundamental parameters of the solar plasma. This review …

Energetic particles represent an important component of the plasma in the heliosphere.
They range from particles accelerated at impulsive events in the solar corona and at large …

The first self-consistent simulations of electron acceleration during magnetic reconnection in
a macroscale system are presented. Consistent with solar flare observations, the spectra of …

The heating of electrons in collisionless magnetic reconnection is explored in particle-in-cell
simulations with non-zero guide fields so that electrons remain magnetized. In this regime …

While observations have suggested that power-law electron energy spectra are a common
outcome of strong energy release during magnetic reconnection, eg, in solar flares, kinetic …

Magnetic reconnection is an important driver of energetic particles in many astrophysical
phenomena. Using kinetic particle-in-cell simulations, we explore the impact of three …

The physical processes causing energy exchange between the Sun's hot corona and its
cool lower atmosphere remain poorly understood. The chromosphere and transition region …

Kinetic simulations of 3D collisionless magnetic reconnection with a guide field show a
dramatic enhancement of energetic electron production when compared with 2D systems. In …

Particles are accelerated to very high, non-thermal energies in solar and space plasma
environments. While energy spectra of accelerated electrons often exhibit a power law, it …

We present two-dimensional kinetic simulations, with a broad range of initial guide fields,
which isolate the role of parallel electric fields (⁠ E∥⁠) in energetic electron production …