Manipulation and navigation of micro and nanoswimmers in different fluid environments can
be achieved by chemicals, external fields, or even motile cells. Many researchers have …

Abstract Micro‐/nanorobots (m‐bots) have attracted significant interest due to their suitability
for applications in biomedical engineering and environmental remediation. Particularly, their …

Over the past 15 years, the field of microrobotics has exploded with many research groups
from around the globe contributing to numerous innovations that have led to exciting new …

Systemic chemotherapy remains the backbone of many cancer treatments. Due to its
untargeted nature and the severe side effects it can cause, numerous nanomedicine …

3D printing (also called “additive manufacturing” or “rapid prototyping”) is able to translate
computer-aided and designed virtual 3D models into 3D tangible constructs/objects through …

Medical micro/nanorobots have received tremendous attention over the past decades owing
to their potential to be navigated into hard-to-reach tissues for a number of biomedical …

In recent years, magnetism has gained an enormous amount of interest among researchers
for actuating different sizes and types of bio/soft robots, which can be via an electromagnetic …

Flexible magnetic small-scale robots use patterned magnetization to achieve fast
transformation into complex three-dimensional (3D) shapes and thereby achieve locomotion …

Untethered miniature robots enable targeted delivery and therapy deep inside the
gastrointestinal tract in a minimally invasive manner. By combining actuation systems and …

Magnetic microrobots and nanorobots can be remotely controlled to propel in complex
biological fluids with high precision by using magnetic fields. Their potential for controlled …