Ricin toxin (RT) is derived from castor beans, produced by the plant Ricinus communis. RT
and its toxic A chain (RTA) have been used therapeutically to arm ligands that target disease …

In this chapter we discuss vaccines to protect against the highly toxic plant-derived toxin,
ricin. Due to its prevalence, ease of use, and stability it has been used in sporadic incidents …

A/B toxins, produced by bacteria and plants, are among the deadliest molecules known. The
B chain binds the cell, whereas the A chain exerts the toxic effect. Both anti-A chain and anti …

Ricin is a plant toxin that is a CDC level B biothreat. Our recombinant ricin A chain vaccine
(RiVax), which contains mutations in both known toxic sites, has no residual toxicity at doses …

Ricin is a highly toxic ribosome-inactivating lectin occurring in the seeds of castor bean
(Ricinus communis L.). Castor bean grows throughout tropical and sub-tropical regions and …

In an effort to engineer countermeasures for the category B toxin ricin, we produced and
characterized a collection of epitopic tagged, heavy chain-only antibody VH domains (VH …

Due to the potential use of ricin and other fast-acting toxins as agents of bioterrorism, there is
an urgent need for the development of safe and effective antitoxin vaccines. A candidate …

Ricin is a potential bioweapon that could be used against civilian and military personnel.
Aerosol exposure is the most likely route of contact to ricin toxin that will result in the most …

Lyophilization was used to prepare dry, glassy solid vaccine formulations of recombinant
ricin toxin A-chain containing suspensions of colloidal aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. Four …

The B subunit (RTB) of ricin toxin is a galactose-/N-acetyl galactosamine-specific lectin that
promotes attachment and entry of ricin into host cells. RTB is also the archetype of the so …