Massive and ambitious underground space development projects are being undertaken by
many countries around the world to decongest megacities, improve the urban landscapes …

Ongoing global sustainable development and underground space utilization projects have
inadvertently exposed many excavated soils naturally contaminated with geogenic arsenic …

In recent years, the incidence of crystallization blockages in tunnel drainage systems has
become increasingly frequent. This not only poses a serious threat to tunnel operational …

Tunnel constructions built in karst areas are liable to calcium leaching, which can lead to
CaCO 3 deposits in tunnel drainage pipes and water gutters, resulting in the blockage of …

Calcite precipitation causes clogging of barbicans and water gutters in drainage systems of
railway tunnels, posing serious problems to railway tracks and subsequently to train …

Anhydrous carbonate and sulphate-bearing solids are formed on Earth under very different
environmental conditions and are the most abundant constituents in so-called chemical …

Rapid deposition of chemical sediments, particularly calcium carbonate, is a widespread
phenomenon in tunnel constructions, which can significantly disturb water draining. The …

Green inhibitors (GI) are eco-friendly organic molecules capable of inhibiting the nucleation
and precipitation of solids, like CaCO3 minerals. Although increasingly used in technical …

Aiming at the issue of crystallization and blockage of drainage system due to the massive
calcium loss from the tunnel shotcrete, a self-designed tunnel seepage crystallization …

Lining cracks and water leakage induced by tunnel drainage system deterioration occurred
frequently, which have seriously influenced the durability of operation tunnels. In this paper …