Lubrication is everywhere in the body and essential for the correct operation of biological
systems when subjected to contact stress and wear. The body is like a continuously …

Over the last half-century, direct measurements of surface forces have been instrumental in
the exploration of a multitude of phenomena in liquid, soft, and biological matter …

Optical fields in metal-dielectric multilayers display typical features of quantum systems,
such as energy level quantization and avoided crossing, underpinned by an isomorphism …

The colloidal probe technique, which is based on micrometer-sized colloidal particles that
are attached to the end of a cantilever, revolutionized direct force measurements by atomic …

Controlling polymer–metal adhesion is critical in ensuring that materials can be cleanly
separated during production processes without residue, which is crucial for various …

Ion interactions with interfaces and transport in confined spaces, where electric double
layers overlap, are essential in many areas, ranging from crevice corrosion to understanding …

Crystallization under confinement is commonplace in nature and offers new pathways to
engineer crystals with the desired morphologies in a controlled and reproducible manner. In …

Extremely robust cohesion triggered by calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) precipitation
during cement hardening makes concrete one of the most commonly used man-made …

Catechol reaction mechanisms form the basis of marine mussel adhesion, allowing for bond
formation and cross-linking in wet saline environments. To mimic mussel foot adhesion and …

Microneedle (MN) patches enable simple self-administration of drugs via the skin. In this
study, we sought to deliver drug-loaded microspheres (MSs) using MN patches and found …