The moment arm of a muscle represents its leverage or torque‐producing capacity, and is
indicative of the role of the muscle in joint actuation. The objective of this study was to …

Key points It is often assumed that central pattern generators, which generate rhythmic
patterns without rhythmic inputs, play a key role in the spinal control of human locomotion …

The adult acquired flatfoot (AAF), secondary to posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD)
poses a significant challenge to not only the patient, but also the treating clinician. Despite …

It is challenging to differentiate the mechanical properties of synergist muscles in vivo. Shear
wave elastography can be used to quantify the shear modulus (ie an index of stiffness) of a …

Background The plantar foot muscles and plantar fascia differ between different foot
postures. However, how each individual plantar structure contribute to foot posture has not …

In order to develop preventive measures against lateral ankle sprains, it is essential to have
a detailed understanding of the injury mechanism. Under laboratory experimental conditions …

Musculoskeletal models have become important tools for studying a range of muscle-driven
movements. However, most work has been in modern humans, with few applications in …

Background Excessive stiffness of lower limb muscles is associated with sports injuries.
Therefore, the identification of a reliable measurement of the shear elastic modulus of …

Background: Individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) have demonstrated strength
deficits compared to healthy controls; however, the influence of ankle position on force …

The role of the biarticular muscles is a topic that has received considerable attention
however their function is not well understood. In this paper, we argue that an analysis that is …