The emergence of new pathogenic viral strains is a constant threat to global health, with the
new coronavirus strain COVID-19 as the latest example. COVID-19, caused by the SARS …

Influenza A virus (IAV) genome comprises eight negative-sense RNA segments, of which the
replication is well orchestrated and the delicate balance of multiple segments are …

Molecular pharming or the technology of application of plants and plant cell culture to
manufacture high-value recombinant proteins has progressed a long way over the last three …

Many pathogenic viral pandemics have caused threats to global health; the COVID-19
pandemic is the latest. Its transmission is growing exponentially all around the globe, putting …

Reporter viruses provide powerful tools for both basic and applied virology studies,
however, the creation and exploitation of reporter influenza A viruses (IAVs) have been …

The COVID-19 pandemic emerged in 2020 and has caused an unprecedented burden to all
countries in the world. SARS-CoV-2 continues to circulate and antigenically evolve …

Hemagglutinin (HA)-based current vaccines provide suboptimum cross protection. Influenza
A virus contains an ion channel protein M2 conserved extracellular domain (M2e), a target …

Influenza A Virus (IAV) and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) are both responsible for
millions of severe respiratory tract infections every year worldwide. Effective vaccines able to …

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause recurrent infection in people because it does
not stimulate a long-lived immunological memory. There is an urgent need to develop a safe …

Intranasal vaccination using influenza vectors is a promising approach to developing
vaccines against respiratory pathogens due to the activation of the mucosa-associated …