▪ Abstract In the absence of antiretroviral treatment, HIV-1 establishes a chronic, progressive
infection of the human immune system that invariably, over the course of years, leads to its …

ObjectiveNew information warrants updated recommendations for the 4 central issues in
antiretroviral therapy: when to start, what drugs to start with, when to change, and what to …

Although T cell activation is associated with disease progression in untreated human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, its significance in antiretroviral-treated …

This book grew out of a scientific review, originally published in Microbiological Reviews. It
has been updated and expanded-now citing more than 2100 references (100 pages of the …

Upon transmission to a new host, HIV targets CCR5+ CD4+ effector memory T cells,
resulting in acute, massive depletion of these cells from mucosal effector sites. This …

The causal relationships among CD4 cell depletion, HIV replication, and immune activation
are not well understood. HIV-2 infection,“nature's experiment” with inherently attenuated HIV …

Is CD4+ cell depletion due to rapid elimination by HIV and failure of the immune system to
replace these cells at the required rate? Increasing evidence suggests that this is not the …

Abstract Background. The CD4 T cell count recovery in human immunodeficiency virus type
1 (HIV-1)—infected individuals receiving potent antiretroviral therapy (ART) shows high …

ContextTransmission of multiclass drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-
1) may increase with wider use of antiretroviral therapy. ObjectiveTo determine trends in …

Although it is a standard practice in high-income countries, determination of the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) load is not recommended in developing countries because of …